} invasion Diary" (Continued from Page 7) played around trucks and tanks firing at snipers. Facade or building a shambles. Windows shot out, many bullet marks. Street lights on: neon sign on stores continued to function, eerie sight. 2230 Hours: Firing stopped. Russians fanned out and moved down Stcpanska Street. 2300 Hours: Went to bed. slept peaceiully; awakened only twice by nearby gunfire. AUGUST 22, 1968 0800 Hours: Morning quiet. Walked to the American Embassy. Word was that buses were being sent from Vienna to take out women, Chil- dren, and families first. than single people. Relative calm in Embassy, Had 15-minute chat with Consul there. He did not seem to know what was going on either. John, George and I walked up to Presidential Pal- ace and Cathedral of St. Vitus. Ringed with troops. Many of these troops wearing red ber- ets. We were told Svoboda and Dubcek were in Palace. Walked back to town square at Stain omestske. Heavy concentration of troops there with tanks at all intersections. Several anti-air- craft guns in center or square. Every few minutes large ar- mored carrier roars around periphery of square to keep back large numbers or people. Many people talking to soldiers who seem totally befuddled. Some students actually on tanks; one student in tact. jumping back and forth over gun barrel. Tank commander was revolving turret trying to dislodge student who then jumped in other direction. Ho continued jumping back and forth across gun barrel for five minutes, .1100 Hours: Walked back to hotel. Many tanks and troops along Vaclav- ske Namesti protecting Soviet Cultural Mission, Aeroflot, and other Soviet buildings. in sev- eral places large crowds jeered the troops but the Russians do not seem phased by this. Six troop kitchens rolled by followed by several trucks or food. .1300 Hours: Left tor four-hour walk uround town. All quiet, but street signs and house numbers are being removed to confuse Russians. .1700 Hours: Over to Hotel Alcion after supper. Rather gay mood there; apparently car convoy of this morning got through to Austria. 2200 Hours: Curfew was enforced rigor- ouSly. We were stopped three times while walking back to the hotel and told to return to the hotel immediately. Most Americans in hotel have not left the hotel for the past two days. This is unfortunate as they have missed witnessing an extremely historic occasion. Ru- mor is that trains will leave tomorrow, AUGUST 23, 1968 up at 0510 but already most of [the American rcsulents of — thee hotel-were tiling-around the second floor “round table." I noticed several public buses running so we went out to see it they went to the railroad star tion. Streets were jammed with people and several trucks had started repairing trolley wires. However, ten Russian tanks still parked directly across from hotel with guns aimed at our windows. it was consoling to know that we were so well protected during the night. Buses were running but not to the immediate Vicinity of the station which is about two kil- ometers away. Trams were run ning on west side of river. Europa. Several taxis had ap- peared and were shuttling peo- ple to the station. So i packed and waited until everyone ex- cept E. K. Lehman from Minne- apolis, and myself had left. Czechs relused to accept pay- ment for servrces rendered the three of us with luggage jammed into a small Volks- wagen and took a circuitous route to the station. Several of the bridges were barricaded by Russian tanks. Another mob scene at station. Many local trains were running so people from all over were crowding Station. En route to station I noted that queques at food stores were much smaller than yesterday. Up on, the plat- form I noticed a number of steam engines at the far end and so walked down to in- spect them. While George and l stood looking at the steam en- gines the train ior Cheb backed in and an empty first class coach stopped right in front or us. George jumped in and claimed one compartment while I went back for the test of the party and their luggage. it turns out that the train was to go all the way through to Paris (hopefully). The train became incredibly crowded, Approxi- mately 1500 people on ten cars. No diner. The males were pack- ed solid with people and lug- gage. Eventually there were ten of us in our compartment and we took turns standing. Frank M. Hrachovsky from 111. lost. of Tech. in Chicago had his 897yeat old father with him so we gave him a Seat. The train left at 1010 and moved rather swiftly along the river through Karlstein where i had visited the castle on Tuesday, the 20th. Beruun, and on to Pilsen. We stopped here at noon for an hour due to a gem eral strike. We passed around rolls, candy, vodka, and Such as the train slowly made its way to Cheb. Met Jim Skehan from Boston College and had a long chat. The compartment be- came the scene of a combina- tion of geological symposium, punning session and a general air of comraderie pervaded. Reached Cheb at 1530. No Rus< sians, but because of large num- ber of people passport inspec- tion took two hours. No one al- lowed off train but Czech chil- dren walked alongside handing up buckets of water. At 1730 a steam engine from the German railway hooked on and pulled uS to Schirnding in West Ger- many. As we passed border i noted olle Russian armored car- rier but no soldiers. Finally rolled in Nuernberg at 2100. Called Philbine ill Stuttgart and told them i would be down. the next afternoonr 21;} ,. l SCARLET AND BLACK Friday. October ID. I“ SELECTIVE SERVICE: DRAFT DEFERMENTS' By DON HECKER In the first or this series of articles, I gave u- brief explanation of the Selective Service System’s philosophy of "Cllanuelingi" At that time, I said that according to the sys< tem this was accomplished by_ use of classifications, Classifications are' divided in- to three basic categories, serv- ice classifications (tho regis< trani is considered available tor, certain types or work or mili- tary service), deferments (term, porary exemptions from mill- tary service). or exemptions (a permanent classification for a registrant who cart never be available for military service). . Deierments are temporary exemptions, granted to a regis< trant while he is performing some action that is In the na- tional interest, or while he is temporarily unilt for military servlce, Service classifications are granted when there are no more applicable deferments H when the registrant is no longer do- ing anything in the national in- teresl, or when he is not dis- qualified physically or mental- ly, and when he is not needed for the survival of a dependent. Sole surviving sons in families where one male member of the family died or was totally disk abled in military service are also permanently exempted. Exemptions are intended to be permanent, as in the case of the 1V-F, in Whlch tho regis- trant has on adverse condition which is assumed to bo un- changing, and which prevents his ever being available for military duty, Of course, if this condition ends or considerably diminishes, them is cause for the Board to reclassify the reg istrant. The local board is required to place each registrant in the “lowest" possible classification for which he is eligible A “low" classification is a temporary one, while a "high" classifica- tion is a more permanent one. For example, if a tullrtime stu. dent at a college applies for an 170 (Conscientious O bj e c t« or) classification, his draft board may not place him in that category, but can place him in the 1175 category (student deter- ment), since this may be the lowest classification for which he is qualified. When the 11-3 is no longer available, the reg. istrant may apply for, and pos< sibly receive an PO (or similar classification). A special deferment which is often extremely important to college students, and which used to be important to grad students is the 175(C). The Hm), also a mandatory clas- sification, is a deferment-fol- one academic year. it is granted to an undergraduate student satis- factorily pursuing a course at study who has recelved en in- duction notice. The deferment lasts until the end of the aca- demic year. It is not renewable, and any student who has been classified in this deferment once can never again lie so classl- ' tied. .This. classification is very im portant in View of a practice or some boards'ot drafting R'SBII" ior student before he has {in- ished his last year of unden- graduate college. Should the student receive an induction no- tice, he may request and must receive, an 1-S(C) until he com- pletes the year of school that he is in. The I—Y classification is a sort of mild IV—F. This classl- iication is granted to those persons who are physically un- fit ’ior service in the armed forces except in time of nation- al emergency. A national emer- gency incidentally, is most like- ly only to be a war. Authority for determining LY eligibility rests with the Sur- geon General of the Army The tests. to determine eligib' 'ty for this classification are given by the army at the induction centers when a registrant re- ports for a physical examina- tion. [LA is a deferment which is granted for employment that is considered to be essential to the national illterest. \vhich employ- ment is in the national interest is decided by the Director ot Selective Service on the advice of the National Security Coun. oil. A ll—C deferment may be one of the few things in the world that will make you wish you had decided to spend the rest of your life farming. This par. ticulsr deferment is granted to persons for "essential agricul- tural employment," and is something oi a leftover from the 1940’s when farm produc- tion did not result in the hug. surpluses of today. The ”-8 deferment is the one most of us are concerned with, and the one we are most famil- iar with. when the proper con< diu'ons are met, it is a mandala tory classification. There are six basic conditions: 1. The Student must [9- quest this deferment from his local draft board. . 2. His college has sent a Form No. 109 to the regi5< trant’s local board, indicat- ing the registrant is a lull- time student. 3. The student is receiving credits toward a degree. 4. The student is taking a fulltime course load (as {it} fined by the college). 5. The student is making “satisfactory progress,” that is, at the end of his first year, he has received 25% of his credits toward gradu- aiion, at the end of his sec< and year he has received 50% of his crediLs toward graduation, and so on, 6. This deferment does not extend past the student's twenty-fourth birthday. , This classification is also mandatory 101‘ graduate stu. dents in the fields of medicme. dentistry, male nursing. and allied fields (subject to the ad vice of the National Security Council). Going into medicine in graduate school is not a means of escaping the draft, however, for persons in these fields are subject to the “doc- tor's draft,” which is even more stringent than the regular draft. , , , A iI-S used to be' granted ior the>purpuseiof completing at least one y’ear'of graduate} into» it,” or; bi 1.04 pi... .i in turn: school; however, after October, 1967, all persons entering grad< uato school are subject to im- mediate drait, unless they am in the “special fields" category. III-A is the so-called “lather- hood deferment." It is granted to men who are married and have one child (the child need not yet be born), so long as the father actally maintains a fam- lly relationship with the wife and child. This classification is normal. ly not granted to one who has received a 11-5, unless he can prove that his being inducted into the army would cause his dependents to suffer extrema hardship. lV-B is another mandatory classification, which is granted to certain elected officials of the state or federal government. Anyone who receives a deier< ment is automatically in the “extended liability" category. This means that he may be drafted at any time until he reaches age 35. Theoretically, this is a means of preventing a man from ”escaping" the draft by disappearing into the educational system until he is 26. Age 26 was the previous cul- olf point, after which you could not be drafted. This is Still the case {or men who have never received a deferment. Actually, anyone making it past age 25 is unlikely to be drafted even it he is in the cute tended liability category. The army is not now taking, nor does lt plan to take men past the age of to, The army believes that the younger a man is, the better soldier he will be, Am cording to the theory, a young man has not yet formed many definite opinions, and his mind can therefore best be “molded" into the proper military way or thinking. no classification is ever perm. aneitt.,The local board, upon re- ceipt of new information about the registrant can always change his Classification. A registrant has certain rights of appeal. he has the right to a personal appearance before his local board, if he sends the board a request (or a personal appearance within thirty days alter he receives his original notice of classification. When he receives a classifica- tion as the result of a personal appearance, he may also appeal that to a state board. The state board may be either in the state where his local board is located, or if that. is inconvenient, he may request that the appeal be transferred to the state board where he is employed, or attench ing school. Know Your Rights Thae articles are only a bare outline of actual Selective Ser- vice procedure. They are meant only as a method of familiariz- ing people with the general structure. Many people who plan to deal Wlth the 33 system think they alone are competent. The SS system, however, is at least as complex as the court system. It you are planning an appeal, contact a qualitied counselor. in Grinnell, qualified help may be obtained at the Grinnell Draft Information Center, 1205 Park St. ‘(Conierenca House).