kid-y. Octabor I8. IMI SCAR LET AND BLACK Tli Prague Invasion: Nicholas Sullivan, a friend or Professor Kenneth Chris- tiansen (Biology). was in cuchoslovakia during the re. cent invasion by the soviet Unlnn. His notes or what he saw and did during those days are printed here. They are printed just as he originally wrote them, with two exceptions. All names or Czech and Russian colleagues have been deleted. Also, a lengthy section describing the types oi Russian equipment. their identiiication marks, and other pertinent lntormation has been eliminated at the re< quest oi several its. govern. mental ogencia. were grimy, and seemed to have been riding in tanks tor a long period oi time. These were 50- toii Russian tanks, Intermingled with them ivere much smaller tanks with parachute insignia on sides. These apparently had been parachuted in, early in the morning. 0915 Hours: Riile tire broke out two blocks south at National Museum and nearby buildings. Heavy guniirs irom National Museum. heavy returning guiiiire by Russian rules. Streets cleared rapidly at civilians at this point. We were told to stay oil street but I went outside at 0930. Many people crushed by tanks on this narrow street. Many people inspecting debris. i expected explosions as gasoline from auto tanks was dripping all over debris of crushed cars. Reached Napri~ hope and turned west. Several tanks blockaded street. Was warned by Czechs not to ate teinpt going turthcr so turned around and walked back to Sen- ovazlla. Many students cheering and yelling while traveling back and lorth in trucks. Troops were jeered and spit upon but re~ mained impassive. although all troops held riiles or machine guns cradled in their arms. Passed many groups guarding buildings here. Finally got to AUGUST 21, 1963 The clay I met Shir- ley Temple Black. 0400 Hours: Awakened by low — iiyiiig planes. Gunlire nearby and yells of students; thought it was firecrackers. 0500 Hours: Staccato oi guniire replaced by aounds oi heavy artillery. Learned later these were tanks tiring. Planes continue buzzing hotel until 0700 at Clo-second in- tervals. These were both tight- ers and transports. Did not know or Russian occupation until i went downstairs at 0530. Four tanks were parked in iront oi hotel Europa, l was told that View were Bulgarian tanks (since then i have been told there were no Bulgarians in Prague). N0 trams or buses running. Went outside to Vac- lavske Namesll, the main boulevard in Prague. Many peas pie milling about. Saw bodies or three students who had been killed earlier at corner. Walked up Vaclavske Namesti to Mu- seum at Wenceslaus Square. Facade or building pockmarked Willi bullets, most Windows brok- en. tire on upper story, snipers still firing at Russians from up- per windows, Retunied to Hotel Europa passing three columns or Russian tanks, each column having seventeen tanks each. At breakfast it was announced that on trains and planes had stopped and border was sealed. We reg- istered our names and passport numbers at desk for transmis- mission to us. Embassy. 0900 Hours: All sorts of rumors. Supposed- ly Romania, Bulgaria and Yugo- slavia have also been occupied by Russians. A convoy oi tanlu paraded. by hotel every 15 min- utes in a show or power, Origin- ully tiie numbers on these tanks were covered by paper, but stu< dents tore paper on tanks ex. posing numbers. Tank cram Czechoslovakia ls blotted out in black came up to me and were in tears as they attempted to ex» plain what had happened. All wanted the U. S. to do some- thing. Students waving Czech flags cruised by in trucks and on motorbikes. Many oi these darted in and out of Russian convoys. some students managed to ride on tanks for a short time while wavmg Czech ilags. For a short period there were tremendous cheers as people thought these were Czech tanks. in early part oi the day tank commanders rode in full view but by 1100 all tanks were but- toned up, cruising at faster rate of Speed and ignoring ob< Stacie: iii mad. Went [or I walk at 1000 with R.B.L. Carroll, McGlll University. Post Oiiica occupied. Very lew stores open- ed. Walked down Jindrisska to intéi’sectinn with Sennvalnfi. Many troops here guarding what apparently are ministry build< ings. Some troops wearing hel- meld, but majority or troops wear fatigue caps. Troops at case; some chatting with citi— zens, Tanks guarded all main intersections. Returned to Nak- azanke and walked north. Eight car: had been smashed and Jlndrisska. People gathered in clusters around transistor ra- dios. Back to Vaclavske Names ti. A large Russian tank hurtling near the National Museum. The fuel drums on the rear ol the tank had been set ablaze. There was a body on the street, could not tell if it was a soldier as body was badly burned, By now Vaclavske Nomesti is extremely confused with ambulances rac- ing back and lortti. students dashing about with llags, tanlte rumbling up and down the street every few minutes land smoke lrom burning tanks roll- ing over the street. Occasionally troops would lire into the lili‘ attempting to scatter civilians. However, this failed to intimi- date crowds and I continued to walk toward: National Muv seum dodging burning tanks whose ammunition was explod— ing. Five civilians killed near tanks, apparently by ammuni- tion that Shot forth when tanks exploded. A second tank was set Bfire about this time and druva on quickly to the north away from the Museum. Several min- was later 1 big ball DI black smoke arose train its locatian. Immediately cheers from the population. Even with all the uproar many people continued to walk the street periodically running when guiiiire was heard. 1 130 Hours: Five photographers were shot at National Museum. More om- bulances. Russian iets continue to buzz the city. However, bands or students continue marching up and down wavliig either black tlags, Czech tlags or ilags which have been dipped in blood oi comrades presumably killed. 1300 Hours: Much yelling an the boule~ vard but hotel relatively tran- quil. \vord received trout Amel‘r icaii Embassy that there is no hope (or transportation for several days. Many heavy ex- plosions can now be heard. cannot determine if these are shots or not, >1315 Hours: Many artillery rounds nearby. Am now in my room, cannot determine precise location oi shots. Much guniii-e trom small arms nearby, 1400 Hours: After lunch walked up Vac» lavske Namesti with John Hoyt, Marine inst, Univ. Georgia. and George Keller, Miami. Florida. Much smoke near Na- tiunal Museum. Behind here was a scene oi utter devastation. About 12 trams had been burned and run over by tanks; tires were burning in several large buildings mainly in Radio Prague on Vinomradska. Fire men were trying ineliectually to extinguish the blazes. Peo- pie were milling about and Rus- sian soldiers were in great abun- dance. In these blocks store fronts were smashed, stores gutted, all Windows broken. trees broken on, many sniail cars and trucks burned and crushed, tram Wires down, tracks broken, and street in general a hell of a mess. Many tanks, armored carriers. am- phibious vehicles moved by. Even bridge battalions (these were engineering battalions car- rying sections oi bridges to be used in case bridges across river in Prague were de~ strayed). Guniire broke out every few minutes and sent people scurrying. Spoke with many many people all ot whom urged that we spread the word of their dissatisfaction with [lie Russians and this is putting it mildly, upon our return. All the buildings in this section or town show damage. Bullet scars, Windows shattered, etc. Smoke 1mm fires blocked out sky. One armored column of Russian sol- diers had In back out of one street that was blocked by [turn ing buses. People cheering tire at Radio Prague. lilcmen un- rago Seven Diary able to get streams of water above Lhird lllxlr. 1500 Hours: Returned to the Vaclaska Namesti where large groups of students slowly marched down the street carrying flags dipped in blood. Hundreds or students jammed around statue oi St. Wencesiaus. Streets jammed with people; not many Russians in evidence. Ambulances nish- ing about with wounded. One ambulance passed and had blood pouring irom undemeatit- the back door. Few private cars in evidence. l800 Hours: Shooting has ceased, Light rain railing as more students paraded down length oi Faciae— ke Namesti. Russian troops are jeered when they drive by but otherwise no incidents. Supper — food running luw~Bob Deitz joined Johli, George and my- self for Supper. Bub claim: Shirley Temple is in Hotel Al- cron. l doubted this so wa walked over to Hotel Aict-on where Dietz shows us Shirley Temple. 1 will never forget August let, the day I met Shirley Temple. She is much smaller and older than 1 ex- pected. 2130 Hours- We walked six blocks to my tel Krivan all quiet, Fire trucks were returning to central iii-u station after linally extinguish. ing the blaze at Radio Prague. Several Russian armored “‘00P carriers passed by but did not stop us. Hardly anyone else on the street. Walls and windows or buildings plastered with slo- gans and signs praising Dubcck and urging resistance to Russia. 2219 Hours: All quiet, 2220 Hours: Block erupted, with many volleys oi small arms, Quite a barrage. Apparently all the Russians are tiring at once, Whine ol ritie bullets all around. Russians ale iiring into building across the street irom our hotel where snipers seem to be located on top tioor. 2225 Hours: Firing extremely intense. Tracers all around. Tracers tailing into courtyard by my windows, sounds like had. 2226 Hours: Left my room as did every one else. Most people in hotel crowded in corridor. Crossed corridor, went into vacated room and looked out ivlutioiv onto street it was on second tloor), Russians on ground de- INVASION DIARY— (Conl‘d. Page 1-,, Col. 1)