Page Four

Ballinger tallts twice

by Lynn Denzlcr

South Africa 7 Historical Dis
lcnnna," the f11st in a series of
foul lectures on Afiican affairs
was presented by R. B Ballin

ling Hay. -Whitney pr .
-on Wednesday 111 Her-
rick chapel.

Balhnger, who served as lcc-
turer in history at the Univeiu
sity of the Witwater ‘and 111
Johannesburg, South Attica, has
also been an executive member
of the South African Institute
"of Race Relations, serving as
chairman of the publications
board for the institute.

Sketching briefly the history
'of South Africa, he discussed
'the beginnings of the presents
'day Capetown Provmce, as
'established by settlers of the
Dutch East India Company 111
'1652. From the early problems
of cultural and religious gulfs
to isolation and domination by
whites, Ballinger traced the de-
velopment of the four South
African provinces —— Cape Col-
ony, Natal, Orange Free State
'and Transvaal.

. Historically significant in the
evolution of current South

African attitudes was the

meeting of native tribesmen,

Bantus, with the Dutch far.mcr

The mobility of the natives,

moving further and further

away from the settled farmer
- by Capetown, helped create
two separate societies early in

South African history.

According to Balhngcr, the
,Trek Boer was a “law unto him-
self' with an intense belief in
limitless land. the use of Afri-
gaanse as native language. and
the desire to avoid governmental
intertcl'ence. His society was
never touched by the enlighten-
rncnt, liberalism, or industrial
revolution evident in 18th and
19th century Europe.

The Cape Province people,
developing from the original
mixture of Hotentot, Malay and
white blood, provided the urban
population which was greatly
affected by the British occupa-
tion beginning in 1806.

Further sketching the de-
velopment of British influence
in South Africa, Ballinger relat»
ed incidents of the Great Trek
of 1836-38, when great numbers
of the Boer populace rounded
the eastern frontiers and set up
the free states — Transvaal and
Orange Free State. In-this light
be illustrated the growth of in-
tense African independent zeal
and the ideal of republicanism

Concluding the historical sum-
mary, he discussed the people's

opositlfm to participation in the A

World Wars as a denial of sov-
ereignty and the convention of
South Africa which set up each
state as a province with its own
franchise.

Since the union of South
African states in 1948, Bailin.
gcr cited three spectacular
developments affecting the ter-
ritory — 1) the industrial rev-
olution, 2) the urban revolu-
tion \vhirh was accentuated by
the “poor white" problem,

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SCARLET AND BLACK

The Nationalists Sicully
wanted raClfll , “Doll and
separate dc1 elopmcnt ol the (His
Icrcnt i‘iicilll Crol'ps in the
countiy, Solllc thought this was
inlpos blc. ol‘ lshildhtlprs
1t 1111ght be pi-nct libic ' he
ty pa ‘l'ns clear on
non, uglic on “separate
\‘elbpntcnl" m the future.

and 3) the rise of nationalism
which questions the possibil-
ities and terms of real unity.
Bringing the historical del'clr
opmcnt 11p to date, he spoke of
South Africa’s position in the
international from. today undci
the strains of colon1al revolu»
t1on, the decline of Europe, and
the cold war. He referred to the
“international problems and ex-
ternal pressures” bringing South
Africa to a full View of her his-
tory and problems, outlining a
threefold historical dilemma e
l) seeking to preserve a familiar
way of life; 2) seeking security.
and 3) thc need for a constitur
tion of cultural identity for all

(le-

lr separate (lmcloplilctlt were
to come about. the Danttu must
look to the1r rcscrves, not to
the white areas where they had
looked previously, for their
rights. 111 whlto aicas Lhcy
would be niel'r-ly “v1s1tors,” Ilene
efiting from industrial delelopr
ment but holding no privileges.

in order to realize ideas of
separate development, Nation.
alists needed legislation to re-
move non—Europeans from pm
iiticai activities, keep Africans
out or European universities,
remove the Cape colored pcor
pie from political participation 1
guaranteed to them in the
1910 constitution, create dis»
tinct areas for the separate =
races, ann create an adminis—
trative machine which would
let them control the influx of
Bantus into the cities.

by Barbara liunt

R B 13:- --,11111ge1 Cilnnells
Hay Whitney v iting p1ofcsso1
spoke 111 He; irlc chapel Wed-
nesday on “South Airica: Apart-
held," the second 111 a series of
{our lectures on South Africa.

He concerned himself in [he
lecture with the origin of the
term “apartheid" us applying to
the separation OI race: and its
implications in Africa today. He
sald that the term, originated by
the NailO-‘I'llISL party. may have
different meanings.

A11 understanthng South
African history SinCC 194B is
necessary for a comprehension
of the connotations of “(wars
lheld.”

Ballinger explained that the
population or South Africa
consists of about 3,100,000
whites, -of which 39 per cent
speak English; 500,000 lnrtians;
about 1,500,000 colored persons
who lack lrihftl tics; and about
ten million Bantu Africans,
some of Whom are in white
urban industrial centers, some
in “native reserves,” and some
in the rest of the country
working on rural European
(arms.

In 1948 (:10 Nationalists, a par-
ty of Afrikaanci’s (South Airl—
cans of Dutch descent), came to
power. They hlld thought that
white supremacy in South Afrir
ca was about to collapse, as
Bantus had been coming into
the white “industrial complex-
CS," bu 11g shanty towns and
working there, The old laws
governing noanul‘opeans were
believed to be outmoded.

The Nationalists thought that
a new policy was needed to
strengthen the racial scpalation.
wnh the s gun, “Sul'c White
South All a,” they \ton the
election and crme to power.

The Nauonaiists put' through
lcgislauon to further their sep-
arate development idcas: laws
to prevent mixed marriages,
laws to provide separate educar
tion, laws stopping court cases
based on the ~rd ”separate”
meaning ”scparule but equal"
They did not have to reverse
former trends, said Ealhngcr.
but only “buttress" them.

The Bantus were given ade,
mmistratn-e powers within their
reserves, 1

intellectual and religious,‘
groups have been unhappy Wilh'
the present Nationahst apartheid
policies, They believe that com—
plctc so. into development is
necessary in order to have jus-
ticc. The main problem here is
finance for the building up of
reserves to let Bantus develop
separately under their present
system.

of

Ballinger said he believes
the “development of reserves ’
is an absolute essential" on[
humanitarian and economic
grounds, but impractical as a
permanent means at future
development.

At present there are many
problems involved. There is a‘
lack of space on reserves for the
growing Bantu population; the
Bantu system is not economic-

 

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ally viable, alml llldustiializallon
in I“CSCI\’CS “Ollltl Collillct with
tribal systems anrl provide cone
pctuion for urban centers
whitcs. ~ays Balhnger, are
ready to sacrifice other part
at then aronomy or administra—
live power to the B'dnlLIS.

The main
most important,
Ballillgcl‘. is the luck
From this compllcaied
Situation ciuelgcs the
and the pl‘obl-ll.‘ of

problem and the
according to
of funds.
political
meaning

Thc‘
not 1

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